EARS

EARS

Our ears provide us with two vital but very different senses : hearing
and balance. Sound detected by the ears provides essential information about
our external sourounding and allow us to communicate. In addition our ears
contribute to our sense of balance to maintain upright posture and move
without falling over.

Sound is the sensation produced by longitudinal vibrations in the
external environment. Loudness of sound is correlated with amplitude of sound
wave and pitch with frequency (No.of waves / unit time). Audible
frequencies to humans is in the range 20 – 20,000 cycles per second (cps,
Hz). Only the young people are able to hear this full range.
Sound perception depends on the loudness as well as frequency.

The human ear is most sensitive to 50 – 5000 Hz range. But most sounds we
normally hear fall within 500 – 5000 Hz. Since the human ear can differentiate a wide range of sound energy (the loudest noise perceived is
approximately 1012 times more intense than the softest whisper) the decibel
(dB) scale is used to measure the intensity of sound.

Our ability to hear depends on a complex series of events that occur
in the ear. Sound waves in the air are transmitted as vibrations through a
series of structures to the receptor for hearing. The physical vibrations are
detected and converted into electrical signals. Nerves carry the electrical
signals to the brain where they are interpreted. The interpreted messages
allow us to perceive the subtleties of sounds such as speech and music.

Related Topics in Zoology:

Bio Zoology All Important Topics

  1. Human Physiology Introduction
  2. Nutrition
  3. Carbohydrates Poly hydroxyaldehydes (or) ketones
  4. Proteins (Polypeptides)
  5. Lipids
  6. Vitamins – Functions Of Vitamins
  7. Deficiency of Vitamin
  8. Minerals – Water – Role of water
  9. Balanced diet
  10. Obesity
  11. Digestive System
  12. Dental Caries (Tooth decay)
  13. Root Canal Treatment
  14. Peptic ulcer
  15. Hernia and Types
  16. Appendicitis (Appendix)
  17. Gall Stones
  18. Hepatitis
  19. Fractures – Types of fractures
  20. Mechanism of fracture
  21. Dislocation of joints
  22. Arthiritis
  23. Rickets and Osteomalacia – Orthopedics
  24. Muscles
  25. Mechanism of muscle contraction
  26. Types of muscle contraction
  27. Myasthenia Gravis
  28. Respiration – Process of pulmonary respiration
  29. Mechanism of Breathing
  30. Regulation of Respiration
  31. Pneumonia Tuberculosis Symptoms Treatment
  32. Bronchitis – Acute bronchitis, Chronic Bronchitis Causes
  33. Circulatory System – Functioning of Human heart
  34. Cardiac Cycle
  35. Coronary blood vessel and its significance
  36. Myocardial infarction
  37. Angina pectoris
  38. Angiogram – Angioplasty
  39. Atherosclerosis
  40. Heart block Echo cardiography Heart Valves
  41. Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD), ICCU – (Intensive Coronary Care Unit)
  42. Blood Pressure
  43. Heart transplantation
  44. Pulse rate
  45. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
  46. Blood – Composition of plasma – Blood cells
  47. Clotting of Blood or Haemostasis
  48. Thrombosis
  49. Nervous system Co-ordination systems
  50. The Brain – Fore Brain, Midbrain, Hindbrain
  51. Memory
  52. Sleep – Types of sleep
  53. Stroke – Brain haemorrhage
  54. Alzheimer – Meningitis (Brain fever)
  55. Conditioned reflex
  56. Electroencephalography EEG
  57. Right and Left brain concept
  58. Spinal cord functioning
  59. Chemical co-ordination – Functions of Endocrine glands
  60. Hypothalamus
  61. Pituitary gland – hormone
  62. Hormones of Neurohypophysis – vasopressin
  63. Thyroid gland
  64. Parathyroid Gland
  65. Pancreas
  66. Adrenal gland
  67. Gonads
  68. Receptor Organs – Eye
  69. Photochemistry of Retinal visual Pigments
  70. Errors of refraction
  71. Optometry – Retinopathy
  72. Cataract – Lens Replacement – Glaucoma – Nyctalopia
  73. Eye Infections and Eye Care
  74. Ear
  75. Mechanism of hearing
  76. Defects of the ear
  77. Hearing Aid – Noise pollution
  78. Skin and functions of skin
  79. Melanin functions
  80. Effects of solar radiation / UV radiation – Skin grafting
  81. Dermatitis
  82. Tongue – Mechanism of Stimulation
  83. Excretion Ureotelism Nephron
  84. Mechanism of urine formation
  85. Renal Failure, Dialysis, Kidney Machines
  86. Kidney stone – Kidney transplantation
  87. Diabetes mellitus
  88. Functioning of male reproductive system
  89. Functioning of female reproductive system
  90. Ovulation and fate of the ovum – Menstrual cycle
  91. Fertilization
  92. Birth control

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