Dental Caries (Tooth decay)

Dental Caries (Tooth decay)

Tooth decay is the gradual erosion of enamel (the protective covering
of the tooth) and dentine (the substance below the enamel). Plaque
formation is the main cause of tooth decay. The most common sites of initial
decay are areas where plaque easily becomes trapped, such as the grinding
surfaces of the back teeth (which have minute grooves in them), the lateral
(side) edges of adjacent teeth, and near the gum line. Plaque consists of food
remains, salivary mucus by-products, and the bacteria that live in the mouth.
The bacteria feed mainly on the fermentable carbohydrates (simple sugars
and starches) in food, and in breaking them down, create an acid that
gradually destroys enamel, forming a cavity. If the process is not checked,
the dentine gets eroded. The cavity gets enlarged enabling the bacteria to
invade the pulp at the centre of the tooth and causes infection.

Symptoms of Dental Caries (Tooth decay):

Early decay does not usually cause any symptoms. The chief symptom
of advanced decay is tooth ache, which may be aggravated by eating very
sweet, hot or cold food. Decay may also cause bad breath.

Treatment for Dental Caries (Tooth decay) :

Treatment consists of the drilling away the area of decay and filling the
cavity with either dental amalgam (a mercury alloy) or cement (a composite
resin that matches the colour of the tooth). In cases of advanced decay, it
may be necessary to remove the infected pulp (the central, living part of a
tooth) and replace it with a filling or to extract the tooth.

Related Topics in Zoology:

Bio Zoology All Important Topics

  1. Human Physiology Introduction
  2. Nutrition
  3. Carbohydrates Poly hydroxyaldehydes (or) ketones
  4. Proteins (Polypeptides)
  5. Lipids
  6. Vitamins – Functions Of Vitamins
  7. Deficiency of Vitamin
  8. Minerals – Water – Role of water
  9. Balanced diet
  10. Obesity
  11. Digestive System
  12. Dental Caries (Tooth decay)
  13. Root Canal Treatment
  14. Peptic ulcer
  15. Hernia and Types
  16. Appendicitis (Appendix)
  17. Gall Stones
  18. Hepatitis
  19. Fractures – Types of fractures
  20. Mechanism of fracture
  21. Dislocation of joints
  22. Arthiritis
  23. Rickets and Osteomalacia – Orthopedics
  24. Muscles
  25. Mechanism of muscle contraction
  26. Types of muscle contraction
  27. Myasthenia Gravis
  28. Respiration – Process of pulmonary respiration
  29. Mechanism of Breathing
  30. Regulation of Respiration
  31. Pneumonia Tuberculosis Symptoms Treatment
  32. Bronchitis – Acute bronchitis, Chronic Bronchitis Causes
  33. Circulatory System – Functioning of Human heart
  34. Cardiac Cycle
  35. Coronary blood vessel and its significance
  36. Myocardial infarction
  37. Angina pectoris
  38. Angiogram – Angioplasty
  39. Atherosclerosis
  40. Heart block Echo cardiography Heart Valves
  41. Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD), ICCU – (Intensive Coronary Care Unit)
  42. Blood Pressure
  43. Heart transplantation
  44. Pulse rate
  45. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
  46. Blood – Composition of plasma – Blood cells
  47. Clotting of Blood or Haemostasis
  48. Thrombosis
  49. Nervous system Co-ordination systems
  50. The Brain – Fore Brain, Midbrain, Hindbrain
  51. Memory
  52. Sleep – Types of sleep
  53. Stroke – Brain haemorrhage
  54. Alzheimer – Meningitis (Brain fever)
  55. Conditioned reflex
  56. Electroencephalography EEG
  57. Right and Left brain concept
  58. Spinal cord functioning
  59. Chemical co-ordination – Functions of Endocrine glands
  60. Hypothalamus
  61. Pituitary gland – hormone
  62. Hormones of Neurohypophysis – vasopressin
  63. Thyroid gland
  64. Parathyroid Gland
  65. Pancreas
  66. Adrenal gland
  67. Gonads
  68. Receptor Organs – Eye
  69. Photochemistry of Retinal visual Pigments
  70. Errors of refraction
  71. Optometry – Retinopathy
  72. Cataract – Lens Replacement – Glaucoma – Nyctalopia
  73. Eye Infections and Eye Care
  74. Ear
  75. Mechanism of hearing
  76. Defects of the ear
  77. Hearing Aid – Noise pollution
  78. Skin and functions of skin
  79. Melanin functions
  80. Effects of solar radiation / UV radiation – Skin grafting
  81. Dermatitis
  82. Tongue – Mechanism of Stimulation
  83. Excretion Ureotelism Nephron
  84. Mechanism of urine formation
  85. Renal Failure, Dialysis, Kidney Machines
  86. Kidney stone – Kidney transplantation
  87. Diabetes mellitus
  88. Functioning of male reproductive system
  89. Functioning of female reproductive system
  90. Ovulation and fate of the ovum – Menstrual cycle
  91. Fertilization
  92. Birth control

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